Учебное пособие по английскому языку 3 семестр краснодар 2012 Печатается по решению - umotnas.ru o_O
Учебное пособие по английскому языку 3 семестр краснодар 2012 Печатается по решению - umotnas.ru o_O
|
Похожие работы
|
Учебное пособие по английскому языку 3 семестр краснодар 2012 Печатается по решению - страница №2/4
History of FBIIn 1886, the Supreme Court, in Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific Railway Company v. Illinois, found that the states had no power to regulate interstate commerce. The resulting Interstate Commerce Act of 1887 created a Federal responsibility for interstate law enforcement. The Justice Department made little effort to relieve its staff shortage until the turn of the century, when Attorney General Charles Joseph Bonaparte reached out to other agencies, including the Secret Service, for investigators. But the Congress forbade this use of Treasury employees by Justice, passing a law to that effect in 1908. So the Attorney General moved to organize a formal Bureau of Investigation (BOI or BI), complete with its own staff of special agents. The Secret Service provided the Department of Justice 12 Special Agents and these agents became the first Agents in the new BOI. Thus, the first FBI agents were actually Secret Service agents. Its jurisdiction derived from the Interstate Commerce Act of 1887. The FBI grew out of this force of special agents created on July 26, 1908 during the presidency of Theodore Roosevelt. The first Chief (the title has since been changed to Director) was Stanley W. Finch. Its first official task was visiting and making surveys of the houses of prostitution in preparation for enforcing the "White Slave Traffic Act," or Mann Act, passed on June 25, 1910. In 1932, it was renamed the United States Bureau of Investigation. The following year it was linked to the Bureau of Prohibition and rechristened the Division of Investigation (DOI) before finally becoming an independent service within the Department of Justice in 1935. In the same year, its name was officially changed from the Division of Investigation to the present-day Federal Bureau of Investigation, or FBI. J. Edgar Hoover as directorThe Director of the BOI, J. Edgar Hoover, was an FBI Director who served from 1924–1972, a combined 48 years with the BOI, DOI, and FBI. He was chiefly responsible for creating the Scientific Crime Detection Laboratory, or the FBI Laboratory, which officially opened in 1932, as part of his work to professionalize investigations by the government. Hoover had substantial involvement in most major cases and projects which the FBI handled during his tenure. After Hoover's death, Congress passed legislation limiting the tenure of future FBI Directors to a maximum of ten years. During the "War on Crime" of the 1930s, FBI agents apprehended or killed a number of notorious criminals who carried out kidnappings, robberies, and murders throughout the nation, including John Dillinger, "Baby Face" Nelson, Kate "Ma" Barker, Alvin "Creepy" Karpis, and George "Machine Gun" Kelly. Other activities of its early decades included a decisive role in reducing the scope and influence of the Ku Klux Klan. Additionally, through the work of Edwin Atherton, the FBI claimed success in apprehending an entire army of Mexican neo-revolutionaries along the California border in the 1920s. Hoover began using wiretapping in the 1920s during Prohibition to arrest bootleggers. A 1927 case in which a bootlegger was caught through telephone tapping went to the United States Supreme Court, which ruled that the FBI could use wiretaps in its investigations and did not violate the Fourth Amendment as unlawful search and seizure as long as the FBI did not break in to a person's home to complete the tapping. After Prohibition's repeal, Congress passed the Communications Act of 1934, which outlawed non-consensual phone tapping, but allowed bugging. In another Supreme Court case, the court ruled in 1939 that due to the 1934 law, evidence the FBI obtained by phone tapping was inadmissible in court. A 1967 Supreme Court decision overturned the 1927 case allowing bugging, after which Congress passed the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act, allowing public authorities to tap telephones during investigations, as long as they obtain a warrant beforehand. Работа полиции Великобритании Тема 17 Столичная полиция Лондона The UK police ranks: Chief Constable – CC – главный констебль Deputy Chief Constable – DCC – заместитель главного констебля Assistant Chief Constable and Commander – ACC – помощник главного констебля и коммандер Chief Superintendent – C/Supt – главный суперинтендант Detective Chief Superintendent – детектив главный суперинтендант Superintendent – Supt – суперинтендант (Detective-Superintendent) – D/Supt – детектив суперинтендант Chief Inspector – HMCIC или CI – главный инспектор Её Величества Detective Chief Inspector – DCI – детектив главный инспектор Inspector – HMI(C) – инспектор полиции Её Величества Detective Inspector – DI – детектив инспектор Sergeant – сержант Detective Sergeant – DS – детектив сержант Police Sergeant – PS – полицейский сержант Constable – констебль Detective Constable – DC – детектив констебль Police Constable – PC – полицейский констебль Woman Police Constable – WPC – женщина-констебль Commissioner – комиссар Deputy Commissioner – заместитель комиссара Deputy Assistant Commissioner – DAC – заместитель помощника комиссара
The Metropolitan Police Force of London The Metropolitan Police Force was created in 1829 by an Act of Parliament. It is the largest Police Force in Britain, policing an area of 742 square miles of Greater London. The Force is controlled by the Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis under the general directions of the Home Secretary. The Metropolitan Police District is divided into four Districts. Each District comprises five or six Divisions. The twenty three Divisions are divided into sub-Divisions, and a sub-Division is split into sectional police stations under the control of a Station Officer, who is usually a Sergeant. The Metropolitan Police is divided into two main branches – the Criminal Investigation Department (the CID), and the uniformed branch. There are a number of specialist branches in the Force such as the Mounted Branch, the Dog Branch, the River Police, the Women police and others. The main goals of policing include the prevention of crime and disorder, the preservation of the peace, the apprehension of offenders, the recovery of lost or stolen property, and the protection of life, property, and personal liberties. The popular nickname of the London policeman «bobby» is a tribute to Sir Robert Peel, whose Christian name Bob attached itself to members of the force. Sir Robert Peel reorganized the London police in 1829. 2. Write out the corresponding adjectives from the text: Metropolis _________________ Person ____________________ Section ____________________ Crime ____________________ To mount _________________ To lose __________________. Act security Branch freedom Goal main Protection affiliation Liberty bill Principal purpose Special specialized 4. Open the brackets using the verbs in correct forms:
6. The Metropolitan Police (to associate) with the name of Sir Robert Peel. 5. Insert correct articles: 1. … Metropolitan Police is … largest police force in Britain. 2. They police … area of more than 700 square miles. 3. … land mile is equal to 1,609 kilometres. 4. … nautical mile is equal to 1,852 kilometres. 5. … main goals of policing include … prevention of … crime and disorders, and … preservation of peace. 6. Their goals are also … apprehension of offenders, … recovery of lost or stolen property, and … protection of life, property, and personal liberties.
Text №2 1. Some new words to the text: Law and order – правопорядок, закон и порядок Beat – район, дозор, обход Distinctive markings – отличительные особенности, приметы Fluorescent – флуоресцентный, светящийся Stripe - полоса Founder - основатель Nickname - прозвище Authority – власть, полномочие County - графство Councilor – член совета, советник To co-operate – сотрудничать, содействовать, объединяться To give assistance – оказывать содействие, оказывать помощь To carry – носить, иметь при себе Gun – орудие, огнестрельное оружие Robbery – грабеж To assign – назначать, поручать To guard - охранять Circumstance - обстоятельство Permission - разрешение To gain – получать, приобретать To make up – составлять, комплектовать Voluntarily - добровольно Traffic warden – инспектор дорожного движения To obey – выполнять, соблюдать Speeding – превышение скорости To safeguard - охранять Property – собственность, имущество 2. Read and translate the text: The British Police The British police officer is a well-known figure to anyone who has visited Britain or who has seen British films. Policemen are to be seen in towns and cities keeping law and order, either walking in pairs down the streets («walking the beat») or driving specially marked police cars. Once known as «panda cars» because of their distinctive markings, these are now often jokingly referred to as «jam sandwiches» because of the pink fluorescent stripe running horizontally around the bodywork. In the past, policemen were often known as «bobbies» after Sir Robert Peel, the founder of the police force. Nowadays, common nicknames include «the cops», «the fuzz», «the pigs», and «the Old Bill» (particularly in London). Few people realize, however, that the police in Britain are organized very differently from many other countries. Most countries, for example, have a national police force which is controlled by central Government. Britain has no national police force, although police policy is governed by the central Government’s Home Office. Instead, there is a separate police force for each of 52 areas into which the country is divided. Each has a police authority – a committee of local county councillors and magistrates. The forces co-operate with each other, but it is unusual for members of one force to operate in another’s area unless they are asked to give assistance. This happens when there has been a very serious crime. A Chief Constable (the most senior police officer of a force) may sometimes ask for the assistance of London’s police force, based at New Scotland Yard – known simply as «the Yard». In most countries the police carry guns. In Britain, however, this is extremely unusual. Policemen do not, as a rule, carry firearms in their day-to-day work, though certain specialist units are trained to do so and can be called upon to help the regular police force in situations where firearms are involved, e.g. terrorist incidents, armed robberies, etc. The only policemen who routinely carry weapons are those assigned to guard politicians and diplomats, or special officers who patrol airports. In certain circumstances specially trained police officers can be armed, but only with the signed permission of a magistrate. All members of police must have gained a certain level of academic qualifications at school and undergone a period of intensive training. Like in the army, there are a number of ranks: after the Chief Constable comes the Assistant Chief Constable, Chief Superintendent, Chief Inspector, Inspector, Sergeant and Constable. There are about 150,000 policemen in Britain, or one officer for every 380 people in the population. Women make up about 10 per cent of the police force. The police are helped by a number of Special Constables – members of the public who work for the police voluntarily for a few hours a week. Each police force has its own Criminal Investigation Department (CID). Members of CIDs are detectives, and they do not wear uniforms. The other uniformed people you see in British towns are traffic wardens. Their job is to make sure that drivers obey the parking regulations. They have no other powers – it is the police who are responsible for controlling offences like speeding, careless driving and drunken driving. The duties of the police are varied, ranging from assisting at accidents to safeguarding public order and dealing with lost property. One of their main functions is, of course, apprehending criminals and would-be criminals. Specially marked police cars; separate police force; to co-operate with each other; to give assistance; to ask for assistance; to carry guns; terrorist incidents; to guard politicians; regular police force; specially trained police officer; with the signed permission; a certain level of academic qualifications; for a few hours a week; to obey the parking regulations; to control offences; to safeguard public order; to deal with lost property; to apprehend criminals. 4. Read and translate into Russian the synonyms given below Gun – weapon Crime – offence Criminal – offender Assistance – help Fight – combat, struggle Safeguard – security Job – work Deal with – handle Involve – include Public order – law and order
6. Explain the common nicknames of the British policemen: «Bobbies», «the cops», «the fuzz», «the pigs», «the Old Bill». 7. Choose and use the right words in the following sentences: Offence offender Offensive offended 1. Sometimes it is very difficult to find the suspect for an … immediately. 2. He was charged with a serious … 3. It was a very serious … against the law. 4. He … against the law. 5. First … are people found guilty for the first time. 6. Old … are people who have often been found guilty. 7. These are … weapons. 8. Confirm or deny the statements using the following phrases: Quite so… Right you are… I quite agree with you here … Or: I am afraid not… I don’t agree with you… I am afraid you are wrong Excuse me but… On the contrary… Not quite so…
9. Answer the following questions: 1. Who was the founder of the British police?
10. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the appropriate words and expressions from the previous text: In Britain different areas have different _____ ____. For instance, the Metropolitan police operate in London, but there are different police forces in the counties outside London. The top man in each police force is ____ ____. He is appointed by the local Watch Committee which is a _____ ____ of the local government. The Watch Committee can dismiss him, too, if the central government agrees. The Chief Constable appoints all the _____ below him in his force. Things are slightly different in London. The top man is known as the Metropolitan Police Commissioner and his appointment is arranged through the central government. British police are normally not _____. In special cases, when their work becomes dangerous, they can be given______ however. As is well known, the ____ of the British policeman is blue, with a tall helmet. These days, though, you can see a different uniform in the streets. This is the uniform with the yellow hatband worn by ______ _____. Their job is simply to control traffic and _____ _____. The most famous name connected with the British police is ______ _____. It is the headquarters of the London police force. Besides dealing with local police matters, the London police also help all over England and Wales with difficult crimes. They do this at the request of the local police. В Великобритании существует 52 полицейских подразделения: 43 в Англии и Уэльсе, 8 в Шотландии и 1 в Северной Ирландии. Столичная полиция и полиция лондонского Сити отвечают за охрану общественного порядка в Лондоне. Кроме того, специальное подразделение транспортной полиции патрулирует железнодорожную сеть, а также метро Лондона. Полицейская служба финансируется центральным правительством и местными властями. Каждое полицейское подразделение имеет своих специальных констеблей-добровольцев, которые работают в полиции в свободное время и помогают кадровым офицерам полиции, причем их работа не оплачивается. Они являются своеобразным связующим звеном между полицией и населением. Полицейские подразделения Англии и Уэллса подведомственны органам местной полиции. Столичная полиция находится в подчинении у Министра внутренних дел. Подразделения в областях возглавляют констебли. Они несут ответственность за свою работу перед центральными полицейскими органами, которые назначают начальника полиции и его помощника. Комиссар Столичной полиции и его непосредственные подчиненные назначаются по рекомендации министра внутренних дел. 12. Choose the correct variant to complete the sentences 1. There are _______ police forces organized on a local basis in the UK a) 52 b) 43 c) 7 2. The police forces cooperate with each other _______ a) when there has been a very serious crime b) regularly c) when they control riots 3. The most senior police officer of a force is ______ a) Chief Constable b) Chief Inspector c) Chief Superintendant 4. The British police generally _____ a) carry guns b) carry clubs and gas pistols c) do not carry firearms 5. _______ has the main responsibility for the police force a) the Queen b) the Home Officer c) the Prime Minister 6. There are about _______ policemen in Great Britain. a) 1 500 000 b) 150 000 c) 15 000 7. The uniformed people you see in British towns are ____ a) traffic wardens b) detectives c) superintendants. 13. Retell the text. Additional exercises to the topic «The work of British police» Complete the following texts with the words and phrases from the bracket: A. (Walkie-talkie, plain clothes, detective, uniform, policeman, police force, rank, join) Alan is now old enough and tall enough to ______ the______ ______. At first, of course, he’ll be an ordinary ______ of the lowest ______. He’ll wear a _____ and go out in the streets keeping in touch with the police station with his ______ ______. Then he’d like to be a ______ in ______ ______ investigating serious crimes. B. (rate, uniformed, detectives, duties, riot, truncheons, firearms, investigation, wardens, control, violence, authorities) Police ____ cover a wide range of activities, from traffic ____ to more specialized departments such as river police. Each independent force has a ____ branch and a Criminal ____ Department with ____ in plain clothes. In addition, the police ____ in England and Wales employ 40,000 civilians and nearly 5,000 traffic ____ . Britain has relatively few police ____ approximately one policeman for every 400 people ___ and traditionally they are armed only with ___ expert in special circumstances. However, recent years have seen some major changes in police policy in response to industrial disputes and inner city ___ in Great Britain. In general, there has been an increase in the number of special units trained in crowd and ____ control and in the use of ____, a controversial area for the British police. The number of police has been risen along with the crime ___. A police force is an organization of men and women who help to keep __ and enforce the __ in a state or country. There are two forms of police force. One is a national police under the direct ___ of the ___ government. It is often organized like an army and its main aim is to ___. In most English-speaking countries the police are non-military groups. Such a police force is locally organized and its main ___ is crime ___. It hands over criminals to be dealt with by other branches of the ___ system.
Headquarters – главное управление, центр, штаб-квартира To remove – перемещать, удалять, переезжать Premise – помещение, дом Hostility – враждебность, неприятие, сопротивление Approval – одобрение, благоприятное мнение Trust - доверие Achievement - достижение To foster – благоприятствовать, поощрять Mutual - взаимное Confidence - доверие Outcry – протест, (общественное) негодование The task of organizing and designing the «New Police» was placed in the hands of Colonel Charles Rowan and Sir Richard Mayne. These two Commissioners occupied a private house at 4, Whitehall Palace, the back of which opened on to a courtyard, which had been the site of a residence owned by the Kings of Scotland and known as «Scotland Yard». Since the place was used as a police station, the headquarters of the Metropolitan Police became known as Scotland Yard. These headquarters were removed in 1890 to premises on the Victoria Embankment and became known as «New Scotland Yard»; but in 1967, because of the need for a larger and more modern headquarters building, a further removal took place to the present site at Victoria Street (10 Broadway), which is also known as «New Scotland Yard». The Force suffered many trials and difficulties in overcoming public hostility and opposition. But, by their devotion to duty and constant readiness to give help and advice coupled with kindliness and good humour, they eventually gained the approval and trust of the public. The achievement has been fostered and steadily maintained throughout the history of the Force, so that today its relationship with the public is established on the firmest foundation of mutual respect and confidence. 3. Answer the following questions:
4. Find in the text above the English equivalents for the following words and expressions:
5. Fill in the gap in the text below with the appropriate words from the previous text: Scotland Yard is a popular name for the _____ of London’s Metropolitan Police Force, and especially its Criminal Investigation Department. The name is derived from a small area where the headquarters was situated from 1829 to 1890. The area, in turn, was named after ______ _____ of Scottish kings in London. The custom of referring to the headquarters as _______ ______ began soon after the ______ was reorganized by the British statesman Sir Robert Peel in 1829. The headquarters was moved in 1890 to new buildings erected on the Thames Embankment, which were known as ______ ______ _______. In 1967 the present headquarters, a modern 20-storey building situated near the Houses of Parliament, was opened. Just for fun A man could not find his handkerchief and accused his neighbour of stealing it. After a while the man found the handkerchief in his pocket and apologized for accusing the neighbor.
Text №2 1. Read and translate the following international words without dictionary. Agency, arrest, argument, auto, control, criminal, detective, department, expert, examination, identification, information, inspection, police, police station, public, problem, photography, radio, uniform, unit. 2. Read and translate the text Scotland Yard Scotland Yard is the headquarters of the Metropolitan Police in London. The area supervised by the London Metropolitan Police includes all of Greater London with the exception of the City of London, which has its own separate police force. The Metropolitan Police’s duties are the detection and prevention of crime, the preservation of public order, the supervision of road traffic and the licensing of public vehicles, and the organization of civil defence in case of emergency. The administrative head of Scotland Yard is the Commissioner, who is appointed by the Crown on the recommendation of the Home Secretary. Beneath the commissioner are a Deputy Commissioner and four Assistant Commissioners, each of the latter being in charge of one of Scotland Yard’s four departments: administration, traffic and transport, criminal investigation (the CID), and police recruitment and training. Though Scotland Yard is in fact the headquarters of the Metropolitan Police Force, the name is almost always associated with the Criminal Investigation Department (CID) of the Metropolitan Police, which was set up in 1878. The Criminal Investigation Department deals with all aspects of criminal investigation and comprises the criminal records office, fingerprint and photography sections, the company fraud squad, a highly mobile police unit known as the flying squad, the metropolitan police laboratory, and the detective-training school. It is interesting to note that the «999 system» is one of the most successful developments in Scotland Yard’s crime detection and emergency service. On receipt of a call the 999 Room operator locates the nearest available police car, which is contacted by radio. Almost instantly, a message is also sent to the neighbouring police stations, so that within seconds a police car is on its way to the scene and all the police stations concerned have been notified. Apart from the 999 Room, there is also an interesting place in Scotland Yard. It is the Map Room. Here is the Central Crime Map, the Deaths by Violence Map, the Accidents Map and the Vehicles Recovered Map. An old-established section of Scotland Yard is the Mounted Branch, with its strength of about 200 horses stabled at strategic points. These horses are particularly suited to ceremonial occasions, for they are accustomed to military bands. Scotland Yard keeps extensive files on all known criminals in the United Kingdom. It also has a special branch of police who guard visiting dignitaries, royalty, and statesmen. Finally, Scotland Yard is responsible for maintaining links between British law-enforcement agencies and Interpol. Although Scotland Yard’s responsibility is limited to metropolitan London, its assistance is often sought by police in other parts of England, particularly with regard to difficult cases. The Yard also assists in the training of police personnel in the countries of Commonwealth. 1. What is the headquarters of the Metropolitan Police in London? 2. Which parts of London are covered by the Metropolitan Police? 3. What are the Metropolitan Police’s Duties? 4. Who is the administrative head of Scotland Yard? 5. When did Scotland Yard set up its Criminal Investigation Department? 6. What cases does the CID deal with? 7. What is one of the most successful developments in Scotland Yard’s crime detection and emergency service?
9. What assistance does the Yard render to the countries of the Commonwealth? 4. Find in the text above the English equivalents for the following words and expressions:
5. Make up different word-combinations using the following words (A,B) and translate them: A B To prevent public order To preserve crime investigation To supervise assistance To give road traffic To deal with crime 6. Choose the English equivalents of the following underlined words: 1. подозреваемый (to suspect, suspicious, a suspect, suspiciously); 2. расследование (to investigate, investigator, investigation, investigative); 3. незаконный ( law, lawful, lawless, legal); 4. насилие (violence, violent, violator) ; 5. помощь (assist, assistance, assistant). 7. Complete this text with the words from the bracket and translate it: (operator, service, emergency, available) 999 is the telephone number to call for the ___ services: ambulance, fire brigade or police. This number connects you to the ___, who then puts you through to the ___ you want. This service is free and ___ 24 hours a day. 8. Complete the sentences according to the text: 1. Scotland Yard is the headquarters of … … … . 2. The administrative head of Scotland Yard is the … . 3. … … … was set up in 1878. 4. The CID deals with all aspect of … . 5. One of the most successful developments in Scotland Yard’s crime detection and emergency service has been … . 6. … … keeps extensive files on all known criminals in the United Kingdom. «Sherlock and Homes» is a ______ _____ which offers a complete range of security services. We have ______ ______ with special _______ windows to transport money and other valuable items. We can supply trained ______ to protect exhibits at art shows and jewellery displays. We can advise you if you think someone is trying to ______ your phone or _______ your private conversations at home or in the office with hidden microphones. We have ex-policemen whom you can hire as ______ ______ and special _______ to deliver your valuable parcels anywhere in the world. We can protect you or your children against possible ________.
A: Whose jurisdiction are police А: Кому подчиняется полиция forces in London placed under? В Лондоне? B: The Metropolitan Police are Б: Лондонская полиция находится placed under the jurisdiction of в подчинении Министра the Home Secretary. Внутренних дел. policemen wear? В Лондоне? B: London policemen wear Б: Лондонские полицейские носят uniforms with special форму со специальным знаком badges and helmets. И каску. Police? B: You should dial «999». Б: Нужно набрать номер «999». This is an emergency Это для срочного вызова police call number. Полиции. of the police? Полиция? B: The police are responsible Б: Полиция несет ответственность for the maintenance of public за поддержание общественного order, for the protection порядка, охрану жизни и of citizens’ lives and property. Имущества граждан. 11. Render the following text into English using the information and vocabulary from the texts above (Use dictionary if necessary). Из истории Скотланд Ярда В 1829 году первые лондонские комиссары полиции Майн и Роуэн организовали главное полицейское управление в помещении дворца Уайтхолл, в котором раньше останавливались шотландские короли при посещении Лондона. Отсюда и происходит название английской уголовной полиции – Скотланд Ярд (шотландский двор). Англия столетиями не имела ни общественных обвинителей, ни настоящей полиции. Поддержание порядка и охрана собственности считались делом самих граждан. Но никто не хотел этим заниматься. Англичане предпочитали за деньги нанимать людей для охраны порядка. Каждый мог задержать преступника, привести его к мировому судье и предъявить обвинение. Если обвиняемого осуждали, то задержавший получал вознаграждение, что часто вызывало месть сообщников осужденного. В 1828 году в Лондоне существовали целые районы, где обворовывали даже днем. На 822 жителя приходился один преступник. Около 30,000 человек существовали исключительно за счет грабежей и воровства. Ситуация была настолько серьезной, что министр внутренних дел Сэр Роберт Пил решил наконец создать полицию вопреки общественному мнению. Эта инициатива привела к горячим дебатам в Парламенте. Но в конце концов полиция обеспечила безопасность на улицах Лондона и завоевала доверие общества. Supplementary reading Text №1 1. Read and translate the following newspaper article. Some new words to the text: Trap ловушка Decoy приманка To reinforce укреплять Saloon седан Dim смутный Dimly lit малоосвещенный Trapping car thieves A computerized decoy car is being used by the Warwickshire police to trap car thieves. The car is fitted with an immobilizing device which cuts the ignition and locks the reinforced doors and windows. A warning alarm then alerts a local police station. The four-door family saloon is parked by the police in dimly-lit area, making it an ideal target for thieves. The Warwickshire police are using the vehicle to help combat a 70 per cent increase in car crimes. Inspector David Fry, who is in charge of the operation, said: «Anyone attempting to steal it is in for a big surprise. They won’t know how big until it’s too late». 2. Answer the following questions: 1. Are there many car thieves in Britain? 2. How are they trapped in Warwickshire? 3. Who do you think developed this device? 4. Do you think this device is widely used in other counties too? 5. What is being done in Russia to combat car thieves? Text №2
Police Powers The powers of a police officer in England and Wales to stop and search, arrest and place a person under detention are contained in the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984. The legislation and the code of practice set out the powers and responsibilities of officers in the investigation of offences, and the rights of citizens. An officer is liable to disciplinary proceedings if he or she fails to comply with any provision of the codes, and evidence obtained in breach of the codes may be ruled inadmissible in court. The code must be readily available in all police stations for consultation by police officers, detained people and members of the public. A police officer in England and Wales has the power to stop and search people and vehicles if there are reasonable grounds for suspecting that he or she will find stolen goods, offensive weapons or implements that could be used for theft, burglary or other offences. The officer must, however, state and record the grounds for taking this action and what, if anything, was found. The Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994 enables a senior police officer to authorise uniformed officers to stop and search people or vehicles for offensive weapons, dangerous implements where he or she has reasonable grounds for believing that serious incidents of violence may take place. The officer must specify the time-scale and area in which the powers are to be exercised. In England and Wales the police have wide powers to arrest people suspected of having committed an offence with or without a warrant issued by a court. For serious offences, known as «arrestable offences», a suspect can be arrested without a warrant. Arrestable offences are those for which five or more years’ imprisonment can be imposed. This category also includes «serious arrestable offences» such as murder, rape and kidnapping. There is also a general arrest power for all other offences if it is impracticable or inappropriate to send out a summons to appear in court, or if the police officer has reasonable grounds for believing that arrest is necessary to prevent the person concerned from causing injury to any other person or damage to property. An arrest person must be taken to a police station (if he or she is not already at one) as soon as practicable after arrest. At the station, he or she will be seen by the custody officer who will consider the reasons for the arrest and whether there are sufficient grounds for the person to be detained. The Code of Practice under the 1984 Police and Criminal Evidence Act made it clear that juveniles should not be placed in the cells. Most police stations should have a detention room for those juveniles who need to be detained. The suspect has a right to speak to an independent solicitor free of charge and to have a relative or other named person told of his or her arrest. Where a person has been arrested in connection with a serious arrestable offence, but has not yet been charged, the police may delay the exercise of these rights for up to 36 hours in the interests of the investigation if certain strict criteria are met. A suspect may refuse to answer police questions or to give evidence in court. Changes to this so-called «right to silence» have been made by the Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994 to allow courts in England and Wales to draw inferences from defendant’s refusal to answer police questions or to give information during his or her trial. Reflecting this change in the law, a new form of police caution (which must precede any questions to a suspect for the purpose of obtaining evidence) is intended to ensure that people understand the possible consequences if they answer questions or stay silent. Questions relating to an offence may not normally be put to a person after he or she has been charged with that offence or informed that he or she may be prosecuted for it. The length of time a suspect is held in police custody before charge is strictly regulated. For lesser offences this may not exceed 24 hours. A person suspected of committing a serious arrestable offence can be detained for up to 96 hours without charge but beyond 36 hours only if a warrant is obtained from a magistrates’ court. Reviews must be made of a person’s detention at regular intervals – six hours after initial detention and thereafter every nine hours as a maximum – to check whether the criteria for detention are still satisfied. If they are not, the person must be released immediately. Interviews with suspected offenders at police stations must be tape-recorded when the police are investigating indictable offences and in certain other cases. The police are not precluded from taping interviews for other offences. The taping of interviews is regulated by a code of practice approved by Parliament, and the suspect is entitled to a copy of the tape. A person who thinks that the grounds for detention are unlawful may apply to the High Court in England and Wales for a writ of Habeas Corpus against the person who detained him or her, requiring that person to appear before the court to justify the detention. Habeas Corpus proceedings take precedence over others. Similar procedures apply in Northern Ireland and a similar remedy is available to anyone who is unlawfully detained in Scotland. Recognizing that the use of DNA analysis has become a powerful tool in the investigation of crime, the Government has extended police powers to take body samples from suspects. The Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994 allows the police to take non-intimate samples without consent from anyone who is detained or convicted for a recordable offence, and to use the samples to search against existing records of convicted offenders or unsolved crimes. In time a national database will be built up. Once there is sufficient evidence, the police have to decide whether a detained person should be charged with the offence. If there is insufficient evidence to charge, the person may be released on bail pending further enquiries by the police. The police may decide to take no further action in respect of a particular offence and to release the person. Alternatively, they may decide to issue him or her with a formal caution, which will be recorded and may be taken into account if he or she subsequently re-offends. If charged with an offence, a person may kept in custody if there is a risk that he or she might fail to appear in court or might interfere with the administration of justice. When no such considerations apply, the person must be released on or without bail. Where someone is detained after charge, he or she must be brought before a magistrates’ court as soon as practicable. This is usually no later than the next working day.
Тема 19 Интерпол TOPICAL VOCABULARY Nouns
1. Read and translate the following word combinations using Topical Vocabulary. To combat international terrorism, high-tech crime, to support member countries, close cooperation, fugitive investigation support, information exchange, technical cooperation, access to international database, illegal immigration, to collect data illicit use of drugs, to represent interests, different divisions of police, important mission, alarming information, close associate, to threaten to kill people, to gain ransom money, to intimidate people, to use violence against other countries. 2. Match the columns, make as many word combinations as possible. Reach money Combat a request for assistance Launder an exchange Make alarming proportions Get access to foreign bank notes Counterfeit violence Support member states Facilitate contribution Smuggle database Use explosives weapons terrorism crime 3. Read the definitions and name the corresponding word from the bracket: (Illicit, to cooperate, terrorism, hostage, to threaten, to intimidate, explosive, fugitive, border, associate, ransom) 1. against the law 2. someone who helps another person to do something illegal 3. a substance or object that can cause an explosion 4. to tell someone that you will cause them harm or problems, especially in order to make them do something 5. the use of violence in order to achieve political or other aims
Text №1 Some new words to the text: Supervision надзор, наблюдение To hunt down охотиться, выслеживать Bona fide добросовестный, добропорядочный Sky-jacking угон воздушного средства, воздушное пиратство To lead лидировать, быть лидером To assist оказывать помощь, содействие Wanted разыскиваемый To safeguard охранять To establish устанавливать Charter хартия, устав Treaty договор, устав Observer наблюдатель Intelligence разведка Customs таможня To disseminate распространять Permanent staff постоянный состав To subject подчинять Murder убийство Burglary кража со взломом Assault нападение Larceny воровство, кража Car theft угон автомобиля Missing person пропавший без вести Bank fraud банковское мошенничество Embezzlement хищение, растрата Drug traffic транспортировка наркотиков Forgery подделка документов, подлог Counterfeiter фальшивомонетчик Fingerprints отпечатки пальцев Identification опознание, идентификация Interpol is an international corporation founded in 1923 as a service organization devoted to coordinating actions against international criminals. Its clients are 174 agencies throughout the world. This organization is not under the control or supervision of any government. Interpol is a recognized intergovernmental police force whose task is to hunt down international criminal. A multinational force, much like the United Nations, Interpol is made up of police of the Free World and a bona fide law enforcement agency in its own right. The main task of Interpol is to fight international terrorism and sky-jacking, to assist a number of nations in the continuing search for wanted Nazi war criminals. One of the most highly respected groups in the world, Interpol, like any other police force is under governmental control to safeguard the basic rights of every citizens. It operates according to a strict code of behaviour and adheres to the highest ethical standards. Interpol has never been recognized or established by any international charter or treaty and has no police powers. Because of Interpol’s cooperation with UN particularly in the area of drugs, Interpol was recognized as an intergovernmental organization. Interpol members are, for the most part, police and not governmental representatives, although certain governments have sent observers from their military, intelligence, customs, post office, and immigration departments. Interpol does not have powers of arrest or any investigative rights. Its function is to disseminate information. Today 80 percent of the permanent staff is French. Interpol is much like any large corporation with bureaus in various countries and with representatives from these offices also stationed at the main office. Information is exchanged between the many national bureaus, but the police forces themselves are subject to the laws and policies of their respective nations. Interpol is divided into four main bodies – the General Assembly, the Executive Committee, the General Secretariat and the National Central Bureaus. The General Assembly is composed of the delegates from each member country. It is «the Supreme Authority». The General Assembly controls the policy of the organization. The Executive Committee is a nine-member board made up of the president, two vice presidents, and six delegates chosen by the General Assembly. The General Secretariat, the permanent body, located in Lion, is Interpol’s business division. It contains «the permanent departments» four of which specialize in certain crimes: one handles murder, burglary, assault, larceny, car theft, and missing persons; another deals with bank frauds and other types of embezzlement; a third with drug traffic and moral offences; and a fourth deals with forgery and counterfeiting. Other divisions are the general records department, where files are kept, and a special records department, where fingerprints and other methods of identification are used. The National Central Bureaus are the Interpol offices in various countries. Each NCB is empowered to communicate directly with and exchange information with any other NCB. 2. Translate the word chains: - cooperate – cooperation – cooperative – uncooperative - represent – representation – representative – represented – representing - support – supporter – supported – supporting - contribute – contribution – contributor – contributory - counterfeit – counterfeiter – counterfeited - threaten – threat – threatening – threatened - международная корпорация - надзор - выслеживать международных преступников - воздушное пиратство - оказывать содействие, помогать - охранять права граждан - международная хартия - разведка - распространять информацию - постоянный состав - отпечатки пальцев - кража со взломом - транспортировка наркотиков - угон автомобиля - обмениваться информацией 4. Read and translate the following synonyms: Combat - fight - struggle Drug - narcotics Illegal - illicit Agency - organ To cooperate - to work together Corporation - organization Charter - treaty 5. Translate the following word-combinations from English into Russian: Intergovernmental police force, a bona fide law enforcement police agency, to fight terrorism and sky-jacking, wanted Nazi war criminals, to have power of arrest, to control policy, permanent departments, missing persons, bank frauds, throughout the world, a special records department.
7. Match the forms of terrorism with the relevant vocabulary 1) bombing a) hostages, seize control, ultimatum 2) assassination b) detonator, suicide, bomber, to defuse 3) kidnapping c) disease, virus, epidemic 4) hijacking d) rifle, hit man, bodyguard 5) chemical attack e) ransom, hide-out, abduct 6) biological f) poisonous gas, toxic fumes warfare. 1. Interpol is under the control or supervision of the government. 2. The main task of Interpol is to fight international criminals. 3. Interpol members are only police. 4. Interpol has powers of arrest or any investigative rights. 5. Interpol is divided into five main bodies – the General Assembly, the Executive Committee, the General Secretariat, the National Central Bureaus and the Supreme Court. 6. Today 80 percent of the permanent staff is English. 7. The General Assembly controls the policy of the organization. 8. The organization’s headquarters is situated in Washington, USA.
10. Look through the text again and complete the sentences with a suitable word from the bracket: (International terrorism, sky-jacking, control, charter, to disseminate, permanent staff, policy, to exchange, treaty)
5. Today 80 percent of the … … is French. 6. The General Assembly controls the … of the organization. 7. Each NCB is empowered to communicate directly with and … information with any other NCB. 11. Read, translate and reproduce the following dialogue: A: What is Interpol? B: Interpol is an international police organization for helping national police forces to catch criminals. A: When was it formed? B: Interpol was founded in 1923 in Vienna. A: Where is Interpol’s headquarters located? B: It is located in Lyon, France. A: What are Interpol’s aims? B: Interpol fights drug trafficking, smuggling, terrorism, sky-jackings and other international crimes. A: Does Interpol have powers of arrest? B: No, its function is to disseminate information. A: Is Russia a member of Interpol? B: Yes, Russia was admitted in Interpol as its 151st member in September 1990. Text №2 1. Some new words to the text Mutual взаимный Spirit дух Likely вероятный, вероятно Suppression подавление To undertake проводить Undertaking обязательство Enquiry запрос To make an enquiry сделать запрос Despite несмотря на View вид To forbid (forbade, forbidden) запрещать 2. Read and translate the text: The aims of Interpol These are set in Article 2 of its Constitution:
To meet these aims, Interpol undertakes a number of activities. Its central function remains that of handling enquiries. Despite the popular view, Interpol is not an executive agency with international detectives who can be «called in» to investigate some international crimes, but rather it is an international communications system between different police forces. Article 3 of the Constitution of Interpol forbids it to undertake any activities «of a political, military, religious or racial character». 3.Translate these sentences into Russian paying attention to the construction to be likely to do smth: 1. These countries are likely to contribute to the prevention of crimes. 2. That country was likely to take part in the work of the organization. 3. He was likely to participate in this conference. 4. He is likely to be awarded. 5. They are unlikely to react positively. 6. He is likely to be appointed Secretary General.
5. Insert correct articles: 1. To meet these aims … Interpol has undertaken … number of … functions. 2. … central activity of … Interpol remains the function of handling … enquiries it gets from … participating countries. 3. Despite … popular opinion, … Interpol is not … executive agency. 4. Rather it is … international communications system. 5. … article 3 of … Constitution of … Interpol forbids it to undertake … political activities. 6. I don’t know what exactly … Article says. 7. I don’t know how many … Articles there are in … Constitution of … Organization. 6. Write a short summary of the main aims of Interpol. Text№3
Bilateral двусторонний To some extent в некоторой степени To what extent до какой степени To disapprove of smth не одобрять что-либо Expertise знания, умения Error ошибка Expressly специально, особенно For instance например To respond реагировать To depend on smb/smth зависеть от кого/чего-либо To take steps to do smth предпринимать шаги для того, чтобы сделать что-либо 2. Read and translate the text: Interpol and bilateral cooperation To some extent, Interpol disapproves of direct bilateral contacts between investigating police officers which take place outside the Interpol system. Interpol says that it possesses considerable expertise and experience in international enquiries. Interpol stresses that officers using direct bilateral contacts run the danger of duplicating other investigations. They may deprive other police of information and possibly make errors by failing to understand other criminal justice systems. A number of countries expressly forbid direct bilateral contacts and insist that all the information should be channeled through Interpol. For instance, in Germany it is an offence for an officer in a local force to make an inquiry abroad or to respond to such an inquiry from another country. On the other hand, Interpol has taken some steps to promote bilateral contacts. There is, for example, a special agreement between Interpol, the German BKA and the British Metropolitan Police which was signed in 1961. And Interpol does not deny the fact that the successful investigation of difficult cases, whether in one country or two, often depends upon the ability of detectives to develop personal contacts and work cooperatively outside formal structures. 3. Write short sentences with these expressions: To some extent ----------------------------------------- On the one hand ----------------------------------------- On the other hand ---------------------------------------- As far as I know ----------------------------------------- Most probably ------------------------------------------- Мы не одобряем этого решения. Они не одобрили этот план. Почему они не одобрили решения дочери поступить в этот институт? To depend on smth Все зависело от самого молодого человека. От меня ничего не зависит. Все зависит от обстоятельств. To take steps to do smth Мы предпринимаем определенные шаги, чтобы помочь им. Они предпринимают меры, чтобы исправить ситуацию. Мы не можем предпринять никаких других действий. 5. Find the answers in the text: 1. Does Interpol approve or disapprove of bilateral contacts between police officers outside Interpol? 2. What does it say about its own experience and expertise? 3. Against what danger and errors is it warning the police officers in case of direct bilateral contacts? 4. Do any countries forbid direct bilateral contacts? 5. What did the special agreement between Interpol, the German police and the British police testify to? 6. Agree or disagree: 1. Sometimes the time factor makes officers use direct contacts. 2. Direct contacts may sometimes result in errors. 3. Interpol can make errors as well. Supplementary reading Text №1 1. Some new words to the text: Menaсe угроза, опасность Traffic торговля Abuse злоупотребление Drugs наркотики Implement выполнять, осуществлять Profitable прибыльный, выгодный Illegal нелегальный Street-corner pusher уличный торговец Ruthless безжалостный, жестокий Contain сдерживать To gain momentum усиливаться Hidden economy теневая экономика Proceeds доход Heroin героин Сocainе кокаин Cannabis конопля Confine ограничивать Counter противостоять Illicit незаконный Combat сражаться Comply исполнять просьбу Index каталог Request просьба, заявка Disseminate распространять Intelligence сведения, информация Liaison officers офицеры связи взаимодействия Seizure конфискация 2. Read and translate the text: INTERPOL AND THE FIGHT AGAINST DRUG TRAFFIC 1. The most serious menace facing society today is the trafficking and abuse of drugs. It could no longer be dealt with by health or well-fare agencies. The fight against drug traffic has increasingly become the subject of real anti-crime policies implemented at national levels. It is now clear that, since the 1970s, drugs trafficking has become the most organized, most professional and most profitable of all illegal activities. The trafficker of today has nothing in common with typical street-corner pusher, he is ruthless, highly-organized and mobile. It is well-known that law enforcement services throughout the world have increased their efforts and manpower in an attempt to contain this growing threat. Neverthe-less, drug trafficking continues to gain momentum. 2. Similarly, Interpol has succeeded in drawing the attention of its members to the scale of the hidden economy generated by the financial proceeds of drug trafficking. Interpol has also adapted its structures and working methods to the new situation by setting up a special group at the General Secretariat. Nowadays, most of the large international trafficking gangs engage in operations involving heroin and/or cocaine as well as cannabis. International cooperation has given an operational aspect to national laws on conspiracy to engage in drug traffic, and the successes achieved have led to the adoption of a similar arsenal of legal weapons in those countries where such laws did not yet exist. Moreover, the results of international police cooperation have induced national authorities to revise their policies and to devote more resources to combating international trafficking. 3. Investigations can no longer be confined to the jurisdiction of the responsible investigating agency due to large-scale drug trafficking. Interpol responds to that need. The Drugs Sub-Division handles those problems. It is currently staffed by 26 police officers and analysts from 18 different countries around the world. 4. The overall aims of the Drugs Sub-Division are-to enhance cooperation among national drug law enforcement services and stimulate the exchange of information among all national and international bodies concerned with countering the illicit production, traffic and use of drugs, and to strengthen the ability of national services to combat the illicit traffic. To accomplish these aims, the Drugs Sub-Division maintains a databank containing all relevant drug-related information with an index of identified traffickers, coordinates international requests for information and investigations, and complies and disseminates both tactical and strategic intelligence. The Drags Sub-Division comprises two groups: the Operations Group and the Intelligence Group. 5. The Operations Group is staffed by 10 Liaison Officers, each of whom are responsible for liaison with police authorities in a specific geographical area or zone. These Liaison Officers conduct regular visits to national drugs services in their assigned areas, and prepare situation reports, and assessments concerning the extent of the trafficking. On the basis of those reports and assessments specific activities are proposed for each region. The daily duties of the Liaison Officers consist of receiving and analyzing messages from national Central Bureaus in their geographical areas and zones. These messages, handled by the Interpol radio network, report on drugs seizures or request assistance in on-going investigations. 6. The Intelligence Group has the task assessing the worldwide drug traffic-king situation, and collates incoming investigation data with a view to developing strategic intelligence. Since the development of computer services the Intelligence Group has been able to process the data in different ways, to examine the quantities and types of drugs transported from one place to another, and to perform in depth area studies. 3. Translate the following words into English: угроза, торговля, злоупотребление, наркотики , героин , кокаин , конопля, сведения , офицеры связи взаимодействия , конфискация , уличный торговец. 4. Give antonyms: illegal - legal increase - decrease regular - unregular profitable - unprofitable. - The most serious menace facing the society today is … - It is now clear that drug trafficking has become the most … - Nowadays, most of the large international trafficking gangs are engaged in operations, involving … - The Drugs Sub- Division comprises two groups: …. - The Operations Group is staffed by …. - The overall aims of the Drugs Sub – Division are …. 6. Answer the following questions: 1. Why does the Interpol handle the problems of combating the drug traffic ? 2. What are the functions of the Operational Group? 3. What is the Intelligence Group responsible for? 4. How many special projects are currently handled by the Interpol?
to involve, public safety, to commit a crime, headquarters, to identify, to make arrests, legal systems, criminal law, to solve crimes, convicted criminals, wanted criminal, major crime.
Drug trafficking, a counterfeiter of foreign bank notes, telecommunications network, to gather information on particular criminal activities, extradition, unsolved crimes, to check information held by Interpol, access to specific sections of the database. 3. Read the text and do the tasks that follow. How Does Interpol Fight Crime? Because of the politically neutral role Interpol must play, its Constitution forbids any involvement in any political, military, religious, or racial crimes. Its work centers primarily on public safety and terrorism, organized crime, illicit drug production and drug trafficking, weapons smuggling, trafficking in human beings, money laundering, child pornography, financial and high-tech crime and corruption. Interpol’s principal target is the international criminal, of which there are three main categories: those who operate in more than one country, such as smugglers, dealing mainly in gold and narcotics and other illicit drugs; criminals who do not travel at all but whose crimes affect (влиять) other countries- for example, a counterfeiter of foreign bank notes; and criminals who commit a crime in one country and flee to another. At its head guarders in Lyon, France, Interpol maintains a voluminous record of international criminals, their identities, associates, and methods of working, gathered from the police of the member countries. This information is sent over Interpol’s telecommunications network. Each member country has its own Interpol office, or National Central Bureau (NCB), which is staffed by the national police force. These bureaus contact any foreign agency or government who wish to exchange or gather information on particular criminal activities. Television and films have portrayed Interpol agents as wandering from country to country, making arrests wherever they please; such representations are false, since the nations of the word have varying legal systems and their criminal laws, practices, and procedures differ substantially from one another. No sovereign state would permit any outside body to bypass (обходить стороной ) its police or not a universal detective; it is the extradition treaty (договор). Interpol maintains a large database keeping unsolved crimes and both convicted and wanted criminals. At any time, a member nation has access to specific sections of the database and its police forces may check information held by Interpol whenever a major crime is committed.
4. True or false?
Central Bureaus (NCB)
specific sections of Interpol’s database.
Interpol’s work is focused on terrorism,…, …, .. and … .
Text №3 1. Read and translate the text with the help of a dictionary: About Interpol The International Criminal Police Organization (ICPO), widely known as INTERPOL or Interpol, is an organization facilitating international police cooperation. It was established as the International Criminal Police Commission (ICPC) in 1923 and adopted its telegraphic address as its common name in 1956. Its membership of 190 countries provides finance of around €59 million through annual contributions. The organization's headquarters is in Lyon, France. It is the second largest intergovernmental organization after the United Nations, in terms of number of member states. Its current Secretary-General is Ronald Noble, a former United States Under Secretary of the Treasury for Enforcement. Its current President is Singapore's Senior Deputy Secretary of the Ministry of Home Affairs and former Commissioner of Police Khoo Boon Hui; the President before that, Jackie Selebi, National Commissioner of the South African Police Service, held his term from 2004 till his resignation on 13 January 2008, after which he was charged in South Africa on three counts of corruption and one of defeating the course of justice, and replaced by Arturo Herrera Verdugo, current National Commissioner of Investigations Police of Chile and former vice president for the American Zone, who remained acting president until the organization meeting in October 2008. In order to maintain as politically neutral a role as possible, Interpol's constitution forbids it to undertake any interventions or activities of a political, military, religious, or racial nature. Its work focuses primarily on public safety, terrorism, organized crime, crimes against humanity, environmental crime, genocide, war crimes, piracy, illicit drug production, drug trafficking, weapons smuggling, human trafficking, money laundering, child pornography, white-collar crime, computer crime, intellectual property crime and corruption. In 2008, the Interpol General Secretariat employed a staff of 588, representing 84 member countries. The Interpol public website received an average of 2.2 million page visits every month. Interpol issued 3,126 red notices for the year 2008 which led to the arrest of 718 people. Despite its stance of political neutrality, the agency has been criticized for its role in some arrests which critics contend have been politically motivated, such as the arrest of Saudi journalist Hamza Kashgari by Malaysian police on February 9, 2012 for allegedly insulting Muhammad and his subsequent deportation to Saudi Arabia on February 12, 2012, where he may face the death penalty over charges of apostasy due to these alleged insults. Interpol, however, later denied its involvement in the arrest, notwithstanding the Malaysian police's assertion to the contrary. |
|
|