Учебное пособие по английскому языку 3 семестр краснодар 2012 Печатается по решению - umotnas.ru o_O
Учебное пособие по английскому языку 3 семестр краснодар 2012 Печатается по решению - umotnas.ru o_O
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МИНИСТЕРСТВО ВНУТРЕННИХ ДЕЛ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ КРАСНОДАРСКИЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ Учебное пособие по английскому языку 3 семестр КРАСНОДАР 2012 МИНИСТЕРСТВО ВНУТРЕННИХ ДЕЛ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ КРАСНОДАРСКИЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ Учебное пособие по английскому языку 3 семестр КРАСНОДАР 2012 Печатается по решению редакционно-издательского совета Краснодарского университета МВД России Рецензенты: В.В. Катермина, доктор филологических наук, профессор кафедры английской филологии факультета РГФ Кубанского государственного университета. И.В. Мятченко, кандидат филологических наук, доцент, зав. кафедрой русского и иностранных языков Краснодарского университета МВД России. Составитель: С.В. Кулинская, кандидат филологических наук, доцент кафедры русского и иностранных языков (Краснодарский университет МВД России). Учебное пособие является одним из циклов учебно-методических материалов, предназначенных для обучения английскому языку курсантов, слушателей, студентов, обучающихся по специальностям 030901.65 – правовое обеспечение национальной безопасности и 031001.65 – правоохранительная деятельность. Представленные в пособии аутентичные тексты углубляют знания обучающихся по указанным специальностям, знакомят их с современным английским языком, расширяют страноведческие представления. Система заданий и упражнений направлена на активное усвоение лексики, развития речевых навыков и умений, формирование коммуникативной компетенции в речевом профессиональном общении. С89 Предлагаемое учебное пособие предназначено для обучения английскому языку курсантов, слушателей, студентов 2 курса, обучающихся по специальностям 030901.65 – правовое обеспечение национальной безопасности и 031001.65 – правоохранительная деятельность и рассчитано на 78 часов практических занятий. Пособие строится согласно тематическому плану и рассматривает основные элементы правовых структур Великобритании и США. Основная цель пособия – обеспечить практическое владение обучающихся всеми видами речевой деятельности по темам: «Работа полиции Великобритании», «Работа полиции США», «Интерпол», «Европол», «Международное сотрудничество полиции». В пособие включены современные профессионально-ориентированные материалы из правовых источников Великобритании и США, которые углубляют знания обучающихся по указанной специальности, позволяют овладеть специальной лексикой, расширяют страноведческие представления, а также развивают столь необходимые для юриста навыки анализа текста и ведения дискуссии. Каждая тема включает тексты для изучающего и синтетического чтения, а так же грамматический и лексический материал, обрабатываемый дифференцированно (для устной речи и чтения). Должное внимание уделяется коммуникативным упражнениям, которые включают: - подстановочные упражнения, целью которых является правильное коммуникативное использование готовых вариантов; - ситуационно обусловленные коммуникативные упражнения на завершение ситуации, аргументирование, выражения своего отношения и т.д.; - упражнения, стимулирующие свободное высказывание, а также задания, которые требуют многократного обращения к тексту. Данное пособие содержит тематический словарь, тексты для основного чтения и тексты для дополнительного чтения, а также грамматический раздел. Текст № 1 The police of the USA ----------------------------------------- 12 Текст № 2 Routine Police Work --------------------------------------------16 Текст № 1 About FBI---------------------------- ----------------------------21 Текст № 2 Federal Bureau of Investigation -------------------------------23 Текст № 1 The Metropolitan Police Force of London -------------------39 Текст № 2 The British Police ------------------------------------------------41 Текст № 1 From the history of Scotland Yard ----------------------------48 Текст № 2 Scotland Yard ----------------------------------------------------50 Текст № 1 Interpol ------------------------------------------------- ----------61 Текст № 2 The aims of Interpol----------------------------------- - --------64 Текст № 3 Interpol and bilateral cooperation-------------------- ---------66 Supplementary reading------------------------------------------- ----------68 Тема 20. Европол -----------------------------------------------------------------------78 Текст № 1 Europol------------------------------------------------------------78 Текст № 2 Organized crime--------------------------------------------------82 Текст № 1 International police cooperation in combating cross-border Crime---------------------------------------------------------------84 Инфинитив -------------------------------------------------------------------- 91 Сложное дополнение -------------------------------------------------------- 94 Сложное подлежащее --------------------------------------------------------95 Способы выражения отрицания в английском языке -----------------96 Герундий и его функции ---------------------------------------------------101 Комплексы с герундием ----------------------------------------------------105 Словообразование -----------------------------------------------------------106 Причастие I -------------------------------------------------------------------108 Причастие II ------------------------------------------------------------------109 Комплексы с причастием --------------------------------------------------112 Police – полиция To call the police – вызвать полицию To take to the nearest police station – доставлять (кого-либо) в ближайший полицейский участок To report to the police – сообщать в полицию (о преступлении) Police force – полицейские силы; отряды полиции Police station / precinct– полицейский участок Metropolitan police – столичная (Лондонская) полиция Riot police – отряды полиции особого назначения Policeman – полицейский Policewoman – женщина-полицейский Detective / plain-clothes man / sleuth / CID man – сыщик Investigator – следователь Inspector – инспектор Operative – оперуполномоченный Divisional inspector / beat officer – участковый инспектор Field-criminalist – эксперт-криминалист Search commander – старший оперативной группы, командир поиска Medical expert – судебно-медицинский эксперт Bobby-handler – проводник служебно-розыскной собаки, кинолог Marshal – начальник полицейского участка; (в США) судебный исполнитель Bailiff – судебный исполнитель; (в США) заместитель шерифа Police duties / обязанности полиции To apprehend a criminal – задерживать преступника To assist the offender to return to an honest life – помогать правонарушителю вернуться к честной жизни To arrive at the crime scene – прибывать на место преступления To be responsible for a crime – быть ответственным за преступление To become familiar with salient feature of criminal’s modus operandi – знакомиться с характерными чертами способа действия преступника To bring a charge – выдвигать обвинение To bring a criminal action – возбудить уголовное дело To bring the criminal to justice – привлечь преступника к уголовной ответственности To build a hypothesis – выдвинуть версию To call an ambulance – вызвать скорую помощь To catch criminals – поймать преступников To collect (lift) evidence – собирать (изымать) доказательства To conduct search, discovery and seizure – проводить обыск, обнаружение и изъятие To curb the crime – обуздать преступность To define crime – квалифицировать, определять состав преступления To detect criminals – разыскать преступников To develop and take fingerprints – проявить и снять отпечатки пальцев To direct traffic – руководить дорожным движением To eliminate causes of crime – устранить причины преступления To enforce the law – проводить закон в жизнь To ensure crime scene protection – обеспечить защиту места преступления To establish corpus delicti – устанавливать состав преступления To establish contact – устанавливать контакт To establish proof of guilt – устанавливать доказательства вины To ferret out serious crime – выискивать, собирать информацию (о серьезных преступлениях) To fight (to combat) crime – бороться с преступностью To find, collect and protect evidence –находить, собирать и защищать улики To frustrate (the plans, efforts) – расстраивать, срывать (попытки, планы) To get (obtain) information – получать информацию, сведения To give first aid to a victim – оказать первую помощь жертве преступления To identify – опознавать, идентифицировать To increase sense of security – увеличить, поднять чувство безопасности To investigate crime – расследовать преступление Investigation / inquiry – расследование, исследование, дознание Investigational techniques – тактика и техника расследования To interview witnesses – опрашивать свидетелей To interrogate criminals – допрашивать преступников To lay an ambush – устраивать засаду To locate – определять местонахождение To maintain law and order – поддерживать правопорядок To make an estimate of – оценить что-либо To make plaster cast – снимать гипсовые слепки To make conclusions – делать выводы To make a record – составить протокол To neutralize – обезвредить To operate in plain-clothes –работать в штатском Overt work – гласная работа To pack the traces of the crime – упаковать вещественные доказательства (следы преступления) To patrol streets – патрулировать улицы To penetrate underworld – внедряться в преступный мир To perform well under operational conditions – действовать умело в сложной оперативной обстановке To persecute offenders – преследовать судебным порядком правонарушителей To prevent crime – предотвратить преступления To prevent juvenile delinquency – предупреждать преступность среди несовершеннолетних To provide security for society – обеспечивать безопасность общества To punish criminals –наказывать преступников To reconstruct the happening – мысленно воссоздать происшедшее To search for and collect evidence – искать и собирать улики To search / investigate / examine / observe / inspect / survey a crime scene – осматривать место происшествия To solve the crime – раскрыть преступление To stand on guard of law and order – стоять на страже правопорядка To supervise difficult juveniles – осуществлять надзор за ‘’трудными’’ подростками Surveillance – негласный надзор To take active measures – принять действенные меры To take missing person reports – принимать рапорта о пропавших без вести To take pictures of – фотографировать Traffic law enforcement – дорожный надзор Undercover (covert) work – негласная работа To use special means, methods and forms of crime solution – использовать специальные средства, методы и формы раскрытия преступления To use the weapon – пользоваться оружием. 1. Crimes against administration of justice – преступления против нарушения порядка, осуществления правосудия Misdemeanor – мисдиминор, судебно наказуемый проступок Offence - правонарушение Petty offence – незначительное (мелкое) правонарушение Tort – деликт, гражданское правонарушение Trespassing – незначительное нарушение закона
Abduction – похищение (женщины, ребенка)
Assassination –вероломное убийство Assault – нападение, словесное оскорбление и угроза физическим насилием Homicide – лишение человека жизни, убийство Intimidation – запугивание, устрашение Kidnapping – похищение людей Killing – убийство - Accidental killing – непреднамеренное убийство - Intentional killing – преднамеренное (умышленное) убийство Lynch law - самосуд Manslaughter – непредумышленное убийство Murder – тяжкое убийство Murder for hire – тяжкое убийство по найму
Rape – изнасилование Gang rape – групповое изнасилование Sexual offence – преступления на сексуальной почве Slaughter – массовое убийство, резня 3. Crimes against property – преступления против собственности Arson – поджог -arson attempt – покушение на поджог Burglary – кража со взломом Car theft – угон (кража) автомобиля Housebreaking – квартирная кража Larceny – воровство Mugging –ограбление на улице Pick-pocketing – карманная кража Raid – налет Robbery – грабеж, ограбление Shoplifting – ограбление магазина Stealing – воровство, кража Theft – кража - grand theft – крупная кража - petty theft – мелкая кража 4. Economic crimes – экономические преступления Blackmail – шантаж, вымогательство Blue-collar crime – ‘’синеворотничковое’’ преступление, (преступление, совершенное производственным рабочим) Bribery – взяточничество Counterfeiting – фальшивомонетничество Extortion – вымогательство Embezzlement –растрата, хищение, присвоение имущества Forgery – подделка документов, фальшивка Fraud – обман, мошенничество Racketeering – рэкет, вымогательство Slander – клевета White-collar crime – «беловоротничковое» преступление (преступная махинация, совершенная служащим или лицом, занимающим высокое общественное положение) 5. Crimes against the State – преступления против государства Betrayal – предательство, измена Drug trafficking – транспортировка, перевозка наркотиков Espionage / spying – шпионаж Hijacking – угон воздушного судна, воздушное пиратство Misappropriation of public property – незаконное присвоение государственной собственности Perjury – лжесвидетельство Sedition – подстрекательство к мятежу, бунту; антиправительственная агитация Slaughter –массовое убийство, кровопролитие Smuggling – контрабанда Terrorism – терроризм Treason – государственная измена Vandalism – вандализм
Тема 15 Работа полиции США The USA police ranks: Commissioner – комиссар Chief – начальник (полиции) Assistant-Chief / Deputy Chief / Commander – заместитель начальника Master Police Officer старший Senior Police Officer офицер Trooper detective – (моторизованный) полицейский детектив Major / Inspector – майор / инспектор Inspector / Detective – инспектор / детектив Captain / Precinct Commander – капитан, начальник отдела Lieutenant – лейтенант Colonel – полковник Sergeant / Detective Sergeant – сержант / детектив / сержант Corporal / Detective (Investigator) – капрал / детектив / следователь Police Officer – офицер полиции Patrol Officer – патрульный Peace Officer – офицер охраны порядка Beat Officer – участковый инспектор Traffic Officer – инспектор дорожного движения Training Officer – инструктор Officer of Special Assignment – офицер специального назначения Sheriff – шериф, профессиональный работник полиции; начальник правоприменительного органа округа (часто – выборная должность) Agency – агентство, организация, орган sheriff - шериф bridge – мост tunnel – тоннель all in all – всего separate – отдельный to finance – финансировать finance - финансы respective - соответствующий weapon - оружие club - дубинка 2. Read the text and answer the following questions:
The Police of the USA The modern police departments in the USA came into existence in the years following World War I. Since 1920 municipal police agencies have increasingly grown in personnel and responsibilities. Special training and more selective recruitment practices have been developed to go hand in hand with the use of such technological developments as the automobile, the individual police radio, and the computer. The great part of police work does not involve crime-fighting situations but rather consists of both service and peace-keeping activities. Service functions include directing traffic and enforcing traffic regulations, answering accident calls, aiding the sick, helping find a lost child or rescue a lost pet, recovering stolen property, and reporting fires. These are all services performed to assist the public. There are five main types of police agencies operating in the USA:
Municipal police departments are the heart of the entire police system. They have their own organization with several different divisions, each with specific functions. In most departments there are four major divisions:
Besides there are such special police forces as parks police, bridge and tunnel administration police forces, and police organizations for special tasks. All in all, there are about 40,000 separate police agencies in the United States of America. The federal police agencies are financed from the Federal Fund. Other police forces are financed from the respective authorities’ funds. Policemen have weapons, such as revolvers, clubs and gas pistols. - peace-keeping activities; - to enforce the law; - municipal police agency; - to go hand in hand; - to rescue a lost pet; - stolen property; - drug control agency; - traffic regulations. state police forces (in the USA) -------------------------------------------- the United State of America -------------------------------------------- state financing (in the USA) ------------------------------------------------ state financing (in other countries) ------------------------------------------------ the state of Belgium ---------------------------------------------- the European states ------------------------------------------------
A B
A B Police training Peace-keeping property Technological department Traffic activities Stolen development Special regulations 1. There are four main types of police agencies operating in the USA. 2. The great part of police work involves crime-fighting situations. 3. The modern police departments in the USA came into existence in the years following World War II. 4. Municipal police departments are the heart of the entire police system. 5. The field operations division is responsible for patrolling streets, crime investigations, traffic and nothing else. 6. The federal police agencies are financed from the Federal Fund. 7. American policemen do not carry weapons. 8. Insert these words into the sentences: Rehabilitate, sentence, patrol, conduct, prevent, punish, arrest 1. The police __________ the streets of cities and towns on a regular basis. 2. Police officers are doing their best to _________ crimes. 3. Sometimes the police ___________ criminals with the help of ordinary people on the scene of crime. 4. Courts __________ trials of the accused and ________ criminals to different terms. 5. The society has created a correctional process to ________ convicted persons and implement programs to __________ those persons. I run a (a) … which offers a complete range of security services. We have (b) … with special (c) … windows to transport money and other valuable items. We can supply trained (d) … to protect exhibits at art shows and jewellery displays. We can advise you if you think someone is trying to (e) … your phone or (f) … your private conversations at home or in the office with hidden microphones. We have ex-policemen whom you can hire as (g) … and special (h) … to deliver your valuable parcels anywhere in the world. We can protect you or your children against possible (i)… . B. (theft; evidence; sentence; court; pleaded; arrest; charge; magistrate; fingerprint; oath; detained; handcuff; found; investigate; fine; witness; cell) A policeman was sent to (a) … the disappearance of some property from a hotel. When he arrived, he found that the hotel staff had caught a boy in one of the rooms with a camera and some cash. When the policeman tried to (b) … the boy, he became violent and the policeman had to (c) … him. At the police station the boy could not give a satisfactory explanation for his actions and the police decided to (d) … him with the (e) … of the camera and cash. They took his (f) …, locked him in a (g) …, and (h) … him overnight. The next morning he appeared in (i) … before the (j) … . He took an (k) … and (i) … not guilty. Two (m) …, the owner of the property and a member of the hotel staff, gave (n) …. After both sides of the case had been heard the boy was (o) … guilty. He had to pay a (p) … of 50 dollars and he was given a (q) … of three month in prison suspended for two years. 2. Read the text and use the verb in correct form. Observe the Past Simple Passive. Close the book and retell the text. Two men (to see) breaking into a house in my street last night. The police (to call) and they arrived very quickly. One man (to catch) immediately. The other escaped, but he (to find) very soon. Both men (to take) to the police station where they (to question) separately by a police officer. The two men (to charge) with burglary. Text №2 1. Read and translate the text. The following words will help you understand the text: 1. routine – обычный, текущий; распорядок службы
человека, скрылся, не оказав помощи
Routine Police Work As you know criminal investigation is the keystone of American police service, its law enforcement. But according to available estimates for some past period of time only one-third of police manpower resources dealt with crime and criminals, the other two-thirds of them – with non-law enforcement or so called «peace-keeping» activities. The data collected show that the great majority of incidents the police handled, arose when the police responded to citizens’ calls for service. The police officer became implicated in a wide range of human troubles many of which had little or nothing to do with criminal law enforcement. He transported people to the hospital, wrote reports of auto accidents, and arbitrated and mediated between disputants – neighbours, husbands and wives, landlords and tenants, and businessmen and customers. He took missing person reports, directed traffic, controlled crowds at fires, wrote dogbite reports, and identified abandoned autos. He removed safety hazards from the streets, quieted noisy parties, radios and television, evicted a drunken person from a bar and occasionally scooped up a dead animal. Policemen also spent much of their time with «juvenile troubles». So in the line of his everyday duties a policeman directed, aided, informed, pacified, warned, disciplined, etc. – in short, contributed to the maintenance of the peace and order. The officers usually began their shift after roll call. The officers took their instructions from a radio dispatcher from time to time. Both the dispatchers in their radio calls and the police officers in their records preferred to give the tersest description of the incidents. They used such abbreviations as «B» and «E» (breaking or/and entering), «family trouble» or «domestic», «silent alarm», «somebody screaming», «a theft report», «a man down» (person lying in a public place, cause unknown), «outside ringer» (burglar-alarm ringing), «the boys» (trouble with juveniles) or «kids disturbing», P.I. (personal-injury automobile accident), DK (drunk), PD (property damage automobile accident), H-and-R (Hit-and-Run) and suchlike. We see they used some kind of police slang. That is a very incomplete list of routine police work that the officer performed over the period covered.
- To deal with crime and criminals - To read about routine police work - To estimate the operational situation - Peace-keeping activities - The great majority of incidents - A wide range of human troubles - To write dogbite reports - Juvenile troubles - To cruise in a squad car - To direct traffic - Contemporary precincts - Roll call 3. Read and translate the following word-combinations paying attention to the form- and link-words. These mundane duties, only maintenance of peace and order, such hazard for safety, our acquaintance, those missing persons, this little squad, the best squad car, many disputants, the only abbreviation, most estimates, less trouble, their beat, more every day calls, your violation, much damage. 4. Write out the pairs of synonyms:
Укомплектовывать личным составом, посредничать, полицейский участок, миротворческая деятельность, ДТП, оперативная машина, правонарушитель, правопорядок, развод (планерка).
A B 1. roll call 1. радио-оборудованная патрульная машина 2. stolen cars 2. расследование уголовных преступлений 3. dogbite reports 3. автодорожные правонарушения 4. radio-equipped patrol car 4. угнанные машины 5. criminal investigation 5. рапорта об укусах собак 6. missing person reports 6.развод (планерка) 7. traffic violations 7. рапорта о пропавших без вести 8. hit-and-run 8. преступление, в результате которого, водитель, сбивший человека, скрылся, не оказав помощи
A B Criminal call Peace-keeping reports Contemporary troubles Roll investigation Stolen dispatcher Juvenile precincts Radio activity Missing person alarm Silent cars
«B» and «E»; «family trouble», «silent alarm», «a man down», DK, PD, P.I., H-and-R.
As you know criminal investigation is of American police service. The police officer became in a wide range of human troubles many of which had little or nothing to do with . He transported people to the hospital, wrote reports of auto accidents, and and between disputants. Policemen spent much of their time with . The officers usually began their after roll call. …and … became the center of contemporary precincts. Policemen used some kind of police … in their work. 14. Answer the questions:
15. Translate the following text into Russian observing Participles. New word to the texts: To design - конструировать To preside – осуществлять руководств To install - устанавливать Demand - требование Felony – тяжкое уголовное преступление To occur - случаться Intruder - нарушитель Warrant - ордер Headquarters главное управление, центр, штаб-квартира Advance прогресс, развитие To set standards устанавливать стандарты Field officer офицер, курирующий определенный район Extortion вымогательство Larceny воровство, хищение Fraud мошенничество Robbery грабеж Burglary кража со взломом Motor vehicle транспортное средство Treason государственная измена Espionage шпионаж (general information) The most famous Federal Government Agency in the United States is the Federal Bureau of Investigation (the FBI). It was established in 1908 by Attorney General Charles Joseph Bonaparte in response to President Theodore Roosevelt’s need for an investigative agency to handle «land thieves» in the West and big business «trusts» in the East. The agency began as a small group of investigators in the Department of Justice. In 1924, when the Attorney General Harlan Fiske Stone appointed 29-year-old J. Edgar Hoover as the director of the bureau, a major advance began. Hoover instituted an immediate reorganization, setting new standards of qualifications for appointment as special agent and a system of specialized training for all personnel. Under Director Hoover’s leadership, by the end of the 1960’s, the FBI, with headquarters in Washington, D.C., had field offices in 59 major cities and 526 resident offices serving 50 states. There were offices in 11 major foreign cities. The investigative work was performed by more than 16, 000 employees: 7,200 special agents and 9,100 clerical, stenographic, and technical personnel. The FBI investigates over 180 different matters, including espionage, sabotage, treason, federal criminal violations and other activities affecting internal security; kidnapping, extortion, bank robbery, burglary and larceny in federal institutions; bribery, interstate transportation of stolen motor vehicles, aircraft, or property; fraud against government or theft of government property and any other matters in which the Government has an interest. 3. Read and translate the following international words without dictionary: Bureau, criminal, interest, agents, special, narcotics, prostitution, cooperation, local, deserter, identification, collection, arrest, police, laboratory, criminological, material, communications, control, teletype, contact, information, instruction, practical, situation, nation, function, inspection, limit, competent, atomic, energy. 4. Write and read the words from which the following ones are formed: investigation ---------------- responsibility --------------------- organization ---------------- security ---------------------------- appointment ---------------- suspect ---------------------------- government ----------------- criminal --------------------------- - нарушение федеральных законов - генеральный прокурор - штат сотрудников - подкуп - саботаж - государственная измена - кража со взломом - мошенничество - государственная собственность - назначение. matters pertaining to internal national security crime detection economic crimes science of fingerprinting crime science searchers firearms and self-defence 7. Match the English and Russian equivalents: Espionage убийца Sabotage кража Treason кража со взломом Burglary убийство Theft шпионаж Murder саботаж Killer государственная измена. Text №2 1. Some new words for the text: Security – безопасность, охрана, защита Violation - нарушение Inquiry – расследование, следствие, исследование Responsibility – обязанность, ответственность Gambling – азартные игры Extortion - вымогательство Fear - страх Intimidation – запугивание, устрашение Bribery - взяточничество Sufficient evidence – достаточные, неопровержимые улики Local – местный, локальный To locate – обнаруживать местонахождение To apprehend - задерживать Fingerprint – отпечатки пальцев Identification – опознание, идентификация Means - средство Scientific examinations – научные исследования To convict – осуждать, выносить обвинительный приговор To prove - доказывать To suspect - подозревать To commit crime – совершить преступление To pose a threat to – представлять угрозу (кому-либо) Valuable leads – ценные версии File - картотека Retraining courses – курсы переподготовки Preservation – сохранение, сохранность Physical evidence – вещественные улики To recruit – набирать, комплектовать To assign - назначать To fulfil - выполнять Robbery - грабеж Embezzlement – растрата, присвоение денежных средств Fraud – обман, мошенничество Property – имущество, собственность There are some basic components providing the effective work of the Bureau. They are Identification Division, Laboratory Division, Domestic Intelligence Division, Files and Communications Division, Crime Records Division, Training Division and Special Investigation Division. Identification Division The largest collection of fingerprints in the world is maintained in the Identification Division of the FBI. A dangerous fugitive, wanted in one state, may be located through fingerprint identification after his arrest on a minor charge under a different name by a police agency in another state. Fingerprints often are the only means of identifying victims of various crimes. Laboratory Division The FBI Laboratory is the greatest criminological laboratory in the world. During the first 35 years of its existence, this laboratory made approximately 4.000.000 scientific examinations. Today, this laboratory is a large complex of scientific equipment, staffed with over 300 employees most of whom have technical training. Included in this group are over 100 Special Agents with specialized training in a wide range of scientific fields. Many crimes are solved and many defendants convicted on the basis of material evidence submitted to the laboratory for examination. Laboratory examinations on many occasions have proved the innocence of persons suspected of having committed crimes. Domestic Intelligence Division The FBI fights against all elements which pose a threat* to the security of the people in the United States, to the Nation’s security. Files and Communications Division Often some of the most valuable leads in an investigation result from information already contained in the files of law enforcement agencies. A teletype network provides constant twenty-four-hour contact between FBI headquarters and all Field Divisions. In addition, the FBI has a radio network, completely independent of commercial facilities. The personnel of the Crime Records Department has the task of carefully studying the information on crime poured into the Headquarters from the FBI’s field officer*, local police agencies and other sources. Training Division All FBI Agents are trained at facilities in Washington, D.C., and at the FBI Academy in Quantico, Virginia. Today, the new Agents receive fourteen weeks of instruction. Two week retraining courses are held periodically for all Agents. Although the theory of the various Law enforcement arts and sciences is taught, the greater emphasis is placed on those practical skills and techniques demanded by day-to-day investigations. The courses range from the Constitution and Federal Criminal Procedure to Investigative Techniques and the Collection, Identification and Preservation of Physical Evidence. Thorough training is given in firearms and defensive tactics in order that an agent may defend himself in those extreme situations where life may be in danger. The Training Division also provides instructors for thousands police schools conducted by local enforcement agencies in communities across the Nation. Organized crime is a lawless empire involved in gambling, narcotics, prostitution, extortion, etc. where easy money can be made. For years organized crime operated behind a nearly impenetrable wall* built on fear, intimidation, bribery, and force. Squads of highly trained FBI Agents are devoting their full efforts to bringing the crime lords to justice*. The objective is to collect sufficient evidence to build a strong prosecutive* case so gang leaders can be brought to justice swiftly. Cooperation is vital in the fight against organized crime. The FBI works closely with state and local enforcement agencies. The Division also supervises investigations under the Security of Government Employees programme*. Fugitive investigations often involve a great deal of manpower. In addition to FBI fugitives, this Division directs the efforts of FBI Agents to locate and apprehend escaped Federal prisoners, deserters from the Armed Forces. Notes:
7) the FBI’s field officer – сотрудник ФБР, курирующий определенный регион или сферу деятельности 3. Look through the following synonyms. Translate into Russian. Action – operation Crime – offence Criminal - offender Investigation – inquiry Security – safety Staff – personnel To identify – to establish Matter – affair To handle – to deal with To apprehend – to arrest Division – department Property – estate To operate – to function – to fulfil – to do – to make 4. Give the corresponding verbs of the same root (корень) from the following nouns. Translate them: Conviction, apprehension, intimidation, assignment, appointment, arrest, limit, violation, extortion, dependent, control, fulfillment. 5. Make as many different word-combinations as you can: A B 1) to give a) crime 2) to identify b) suspect 3) to solve c) evidence 4) to commit d) innocence 5) to investigate e) organized crime 6) to prove f) fingerprint 7) to fight against g) guilt 6. Find in the text the English equivalents for the following:
7. Write out the only words which are the names of crimes: Defendant, racketeering, embezzlement, extortion, deserter, victim, fugitive, fraud, prisoner, espionage, employee, theft, robbery, field officer, FBI agent, bribery, conviction, innocence. 8. Give all possible word combinations: Crime (организованная, совершить, расследовать, подозревать, бороться против, раскрыть, доказать); To handle (преступления, уголовные расследования, отпечатки пальцев, информация, внутренняя безопасность); Fingerprints (ценные, идентифицировать, сохранить); Fugitive (установить местонахождение, задержать, найти, арестовать, опасный); Evidence (материальные, вещественные, достаточные, собрать, сохранение, идентификация); To fight against (рэкет, организованная преступность, хищение, взяточничество, азартные игры, мошенничество, вымогательство); Investigation (иметь дело, уголовное, тщательное). 9.Use the verbs in correct forms and translate the sentences: 1. The F.B.I. (to create) in 1908. 2. The Identification Division of the F.B.I. (to found) in 1924. 3. One of the aims of the Division (to be) to provide a national collection of fingerprints. 4. The Division (to keep) records on all political suspects and actual criminals. 5. The F.B.I. (to supply) information for evidence and crime problems throughout the country. 6. Training schools for Special Agents (to set up) in Washington. 10. Complete the sentences using the words in brackets: ( bribery, intimidation, fugitive, identify, convicted, leads, organized crime, responsibilities, fingerprint, robbery, the collection, identification, preservation). 1. The fight against … involves a great deal of efforts in the work of the FBI Special Investigation Division. 2. To fight against a threat to the Nation’s security is one of the … of the FBI. 3. In a number of crimes some of valuable … in an investigation result from information contained in the files of law enforcement agencies. 4. Many crimes are solved through … identification. 5. The dangerous … was located and arrested on the basis of the information of the witnesses. 6. Laboratory examination proved the innocence of the defendant suspected of having committed … 7. Laboratory examination of the fingerprints found on the murder victim helped … the murderer. 8. The gang leaders were … on the basis of sufficient evidence collected by the FBI Agents together with the officers of the local enforcement agency. 9. Practical skills and techniques are paid great attention to in the course of training and retraining FBI Agents. The courses involve … and … of physical evidence. 10. Organized crime is built on fear, …, …, and force. 11. Read and translate the following sentences without dictionary: 1. The FBI headquarters is the largest in the world. 2. The FBI closely cooperates with state and local police agency. 3. The collection of fingerprints is the largest in the world. 4. They always relay on scientific training, selection of personnel and cooperation. criminal violations, internal security matters and civil inquiries in which the Government has an interest.
14. Guess the words in the blanks, the first and the last letters are given: If the police want to enter and search a building, they need a w____t, which they obtain from a local s_____f. They do not need one of these if they need to get into a building to a____t someone, to s____e someone’s life, or to prevent d____e or d___e. 15. Speak in a brief way on:
Just for fun The Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD), the FBI, and the CIA are all trying to prove that they are the best at apprehending criminals. The President decides to give them a test. He releases a rabbit into forest and each of them has to catch it. The CIA goes in. They place animal informants throughout the forest. The question all plant and mineral witnesses. After three months of extensive investigations they conclude that rabbits do not exist. The FBI goes in. After two weeks with no leads they burn the forest, killing everything init, including the rabbit, and they make no apologies. The LAPD goes in. They come out two hours later with a badly beaten bear. The bear is yelling: «Okay! Okay! I’m a rabbit! I’m a rabbit!» Additional exercises to the topic 1. Change the verbs to the Past Simple or the Past Continuous. Then retell the story. The unlucky burglar One evening Alf (watch) the television and (eat) his supper when the door suddenly (open) and a burglar (come) in. He (wear) a mask and (carry) a sack. Before doing anything else he (tie) Alf to the chair. Then he (go) upstairs to look for money. Although he (not find) any money he (find) a lot of jewellery, which he (put) into his sack. In his rush to get downstairs he (not see) the dog which (lie) at the bottom of the stairs and he (fall) over it, loosing his glasses. While the burglar (look for) them, Alf (try) to free himself. Finally, Alf (manage) to escape and he (phone) the police. As soon as the burglar (find) his glasses he (run) out of the house. However, unfortunately for him, the police (wait) for him at the end of the garden.
(the jungle, robbed, kidnapped, customs, laws, protect, rely on, fear, prescribe, imperfect) Every country has its …. That’s perfectly true. When I first came to a tiny Italian village I was shocked: everyone was smiling and waving at me. The … of hospitality … local people to … the foreigners from any trouble. In daylight and even at night you can go out without … of being … or …. Though the Italian laws are … like all the laws, in the country you can … … open-heartedness and every possible support of the natives. The law of … is for huge industrial cities. 3. Complete the following sentences with the words and phrases from the bracket: (Arrested; offender; commit; shop-lifting; charged; embezzlement; witness; burglary)
Supplementary reading Some newspaper articles Text№1
Some new words to the text: To dig копать To dig up вскопать, раскопать Ring кольцо, группа Borough район Spokesman представитель Joint совместный Task force оперативная группа Warrant ордер, предписание To point указывать Homicide убийство To bury захоронить To shoot (shot, shot) выстрелить Shot выстрел Mob воровская шайка Mobster член воровской шайки Bouncer вышибала (сленг) Livingston, New Jersey – Police dug up the back yard of a New Jersey house Friday searching for the body of a former Russian Olympic boxer. The authorities believe he was killed by members of a Russian organized crime ring. « The Russian ex-boxer, of the Brooklyn borough of New York, was last seen in November four years ago», FBI spokesman Joseff Valiquette said. The Joint Eastern European Organized Crime Task Force, made up of the FBI and New York City Police, won a federal search warrant to dig up the yard of a home in suburban Livingston, New Jersey. Valiquette would not say what led the authorities to the house but said the information points to a homicide. «The information we have which led to the search warrant indicates that he was buried there, which logically would indicate that he was murdered. So yes, we do believe that he was the victim of a homicide», Valiquette said. New York’s Daily News reported that the ex-boxer was shot in the garage by three Russian mobsters days after an incident at the bar where he worked as a bouncer. (from Reuters)
3. Write out all the information on each point from the newspaper item:
4. Agree or disagree: 1. The police dug up the back yard of the house where the ex-boxer lived. 2. The FBI alone was investigating this case. 3. Most probably the General Attorney issued a federal research warrant. 4. Joseff Valiquette was a member of the task force. 5. The newspaper had all the facts in their hands. Text№2
Some new words to the text: Brute жестокий, грубый Brutality жестокость, грубость To brutalize обходиться грубо To tarnish запятнать Even and odd numbers четные и нечетные числа To be at odds with smb не ладить с кем-либо To drop падать Lobby коридор Apparently очевидно To reach for smth потянуться за чем-либо Bullet пуля Conscious осознанный To cite критиковать To launch запускать, начинать Outside police headquarters in New York City, the protesters show up each day. In the courts, the biggest criminal cases are against cops. And at City Hall, the law-and-order record of Mayor Rudolph Guiliani appears tarnished. A combination of brutality charges, federal investigations and public relations problems has thrown the United States’ largest police department into its worst crisis in years. Police and the city’s minorities seem increasingly at odds, and morale in the department is dropping. The department’s troubles come just two years after it was riding high on news that the city’s crime rate was dropping for the first time in 28 years. What’s created the most anger is the case of Amadou Diallo, an unarmed West African immigrant shot to death by police in an apartment lobby. The police, apparently believing Diallo was reaching for a gun, fired 41 bullets at him. He was hit by 19 shots. Now the four white officers who killed him are on trial accused of murder. The defence says it was a tragic accident; the prosecution accepts that the officers did not set out that night to kill a black man but says that they made a conscious decision to shoot him once they got out of their car. And the protesters have other cases to cite in their charge of police misconduct. In New York’s borough of Brooklyn, jury selection is to begin Monday for the trial of three other officers accused of brutalizing a Haitian immigrant Abner Louima. The trial centres on allegations the officers brutalized him in a precinct station. Federal and state prosecutors have launched investigations of the NYPD (New York Police Department). The commission will hold hearings in May on whether the police tactics violate the public rights, especially in minority neighbourhood. (from The Guardian)
3. Sum up what newspaper item said about: - the morale of the NYPD in the past - the case of Amadou Diallo and the trial - the case of Abner Louima - the federal and state investigations of the NYPD. Text №3 1. Read the following text and translate the sentences given in bold type in writing: Police Technology in the USA Request for police services are generally transmitted to headquarters by telephone and then by radio to officers in the field. Police have long operated on the theory that fast response time results in more arrests and less risk or injury to victims. The current trend is toward handling calls by priority, with emergency response reserved for cases involving an injured party or those in which a reasonable chance exists to prevent a crime or make an arrest at the scene. Modern computer-assisted dispatching systems permit automatic selection of the nearest officer in service. In some cities, officers can receive messages displayed on computer terminals in their cars, without voice communication from headquarters. An officer, for example, can key in the license number of a suspect car and receive an immediate response from the computer as to the status of the car and owner’s identity. An increasing number of agencies are now using computers to link crime patterns with certain suspects. Fingerprints found at crime scenes can be electronically compared with fingerprint files. In recent years technological advances have been made in such areas as voice identification, use of the scanning electron microscope, and blood testing which is an important tool because only 2 persons in 70,000 have identical blood characteristics. Some of the new laboratory techniques, although highly effective, are extremely expensive, so their use is limited to the most challenging cases. 2. Answer the following questions:
campaign?
3. Find in the text above the English equivalents for the following words and expressions: - пострадавшая сторона - предотвратить преступление - осуществить арест на месте происшествия - отпечатки пальцев - быстрое реагирование - печатать, вводить с клавиатуры - технический прогресс 4. Render the following text into English paying attention to the words and expressions given in bold type: Большое число расследований уголовных преступлений, ведущихся американскими правоохранительными органами, вынудило ФБР приступить к созданию новой криминалистической лаборатории. Лаборатория будет оснащена новейшим оборудованием для баллистической, химической, судебно-медицинской и других видов экспертизы, необходимых для расследования различных преступлений. Лаборатория ФБР, которая находится в Вашингтоне, на протяжении многих лет остается крупнейшей и лучшей в стране. Однако в последнее время она не справляется с огромным потоком заданий, поступающих не только от головного ведомства, но и из других правоохранительных органов. Необходимость создания новой лаборатории продиктована так же тем, что ФБР все чаще приходится заниматься расследованием сложнейших дел, связанных с международным терроризмом, организованной преступностью и контрабандой наркотиков. Руководство ФБР планирует создание единой компьютерной базы данных всех правоохранительных органов США, которая будет содержать информацию о преступниках и их сообщниках и вещественных доказательствах, собранных в ходе расследований. |
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